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Pitman, Joe Duncan, Alan Stubbs, David Sigler, Robert Kendrick, Rick Chilese, John Lipps, Jere Manga, Mike Graham, James dePater, Imke Planetary Remote Sensing Science Enabled by MIDAS (Multiple Instrument Distributed Aperture Sensor) It is shown that the analytical results are proper and that the calculation speed for them is much faster than for the numerical results. The analytical results are compared with the numerically integrated ones, and the absolute errors are also given. Wigner distribution function of Hermite-cosine-Gaussian beams through an apertured optical system.īy introducing the hard- aperture function into a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions, the approximate analytical expressions of the Wigner distribution function for Hermite-cosine-Gaussian beams passing through an apertured paraxial ABCD optical system are obtained. The beam former for this stage can be realized using a printed Butler.matrix (Bona et al, 2002 Neron and Delisle, 2005), a printed Rotman lens (Kilic and Dahlstrom, 2005) or other switched time delay system. Of planar or conformal aperture, it will be replaced by a distributed aperture configuration with a base-band digital network that is used to combine.beam forming network that can be designed with pre-set scanning directions. Details of the construction and operation of this imager as well as field testing results will be presented herein.ĭistributed Beam Former for Distributed-Aperture Electronically Steered Antennas A distributed aperture consisting of 220 upconversion channels is used to realize 2.5k pixels with passive sensitivity. Using this technique, we have constructed a real-time, video-rate imager operating at 75 GHz. The side bands are subsequently stripped from the optical carrier and recombined to provide a real time snapshot of the mmW signal. This conversion serves, in essence, to scale the mmW sparse aperture array signals onto a complementary optical array. This distributed aperture system is realized through conversion of the received mmW energy into sidebands on an optical carrier. To overcome this limitation, a distributed aperture detection scheme is used in which the effective aperture size can be increased without the associated volumetric increase in imager size. Accordingly, lens-based focal plane systems and scanning systems tend to require large aperture optics, which increase the achievable size and weight of such systems to beyond what can be supported by many applications. One primary obstacle to imaging in this spectrum is that longer wavelengths require larger apertures to achieve the resolutions desired for many applications. All terrestrial bodies emit mmW radiation and these wavelengths are able to penetrate smoke, fog/clouds/marine layers, and even clothing. Passive imaging using millimeter waves (mmWs) has many advantages and applications in the defense and security markets. Schuetz, Christopher Martin, Richard Dillon, Thomas Yao, Peng Mackrides, Daniel Harrity, Charles Zablocki, Alicia Shreve, Kevin Bonnett, James Curt, Petersen Prather, Dennis Realization of a video-rate distributed aperture millimeter-wave imaging system using optical upconversion The analytical results are also compared with the numerical integral results, and they show that the analytical results are proper and ascendant. As an example of application, the analytical expressions of the Wigner distribution for a Gaussian beam passing through a spatial filtering optical system with an internal hard aperture are obtained. By introducing a hard aperture function into a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions, the double Wigner distribution functions of a first-order optical system with a hard aperture outside and inside it are derived. The effect of an apertured optical system on Wigner distribution can be expressed as a superposition integral of the input Wigner distribution function and the double Wigner distribution function of the apertured optical system.
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Double Wigner distribution function of a first-order optical system with a hard-edge aperture.